United States Department of Transportation
i
SMART Shear Keys for Multi-Hazards Mitigation of Diaphragm-Free Girder Bridges – Phase III
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2024-09-01
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[PDF-1.72 MB]
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Edition:January 2020 – March 31, 2024
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Abstract:To mitigate multiple natural hazards such as earthquakes and tsunamis, sliding, modular, adaptive, replaceable, and two-dimensional (SMART) shear keys were proposed as fuse elements between bridge superstructures and substructures. These elements aim to adaptively control both forces and displacements under different loads. This Phase III study focuses on the computational model and tsunami response of a 1/5-scale bridge including four SMART shear keys in a large flume. ANSYS software was used to establish a three-dimensional finite element model of the bridge and shear keys. To simulate tsunamis, solitary waves were applied as boundary conditions in the computational model with a wave height of 0.57 to 0.87 m. This range covers the typical wave heights expected during tsunami events. For 0.72 m wave height, a friction coefficient of 0.275 to 0.375 at the interface of four shear key modules were considered to investigate their impact on the bridge behavior. The dynamic response of the bridge model increases with the height of tsunami waves. At 0.72 m, the friction coefficient has a notable effect on the dynamic response of the bridge. The higher the friction coefficient, the greater the energy dissipation, thus reducing the maximum stress and displacement in the shear keys. The design of SMART shear keys can be optimized for different wave heights and friction coefficients to improve the overall safety and performance of bridges under tsunami loads. This study demonstrates the effective use of computational mechanics in evaluating the performance of shear keys under varying wave heights and friction coefficients.
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