United States Department of Transportation
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SMART Shear Keys for Multi-Hazards Mitigation of Diaphragm-Free Girder Bridges – Phase I: Design and Characterization
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2020-12-31
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[PDF-3.23 MB]
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Edition:Final Report August 1, 2017 - December 31, 2020
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Abstract:Earthquakes and tsunamis caused significant damage to bridges. An inappropriate design of shear keys may cause the excessive movement of bridge superstructure due to insufficient load resistances or the undesirable damage of bridge substructure due to the overstrength of shear keys. Interior shear keys are mainly used in short to medium span highway bridges to restrain the excessive transverse movement of superstructures. A well-designed bridge shear key should restrain the movement of bridge superstructure, limit the force transferred to bridge substructure, and be easily replaceable to improve the resilience of the entire bridge structure. To achieve these objectives, a Sliding, Modular, Adaptive, Replaceable, and Two-dimensional (SMART) shear key is proposed to optimize a tradeoff of force and displacement in the bridge structure. A SMART shear key consists of three concrete modules and steel assembly accessories. The three concrete modules are made of steel fiber-reinforced concrete to increase the ductility of the shear key. SMART shear keys mainly utilize the sliding friction mechanism to restrain the movement of bridge superstructure. Seven SMART shear key specimens were tested to investigate their load-carrying capacity. Numerical simulation and theoretical analysis were also conducted to support the test results with in-depth understanding. Based on the experimental results, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis, SMART shear keys can provide an equivalent load-carrying capacity to conventional resilient interior shear keys with ease to replacement once damaged. A backbone curve of SMART shear keys is proposed to implement the SMART shear key element in seismic analysis.
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