United States Department of Transportation
i
Simulation of Oblique Loading Configurations Using an FAA Hybrid III Virtual Anthropomorphic Test Device
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2021-03-01
[PDF-2.37 MB]
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Edition:Final
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Abstract:Anthropomorphic test device (ATD) construction and instrumentation is optimized for the loading direction the ATD is intended to evaluate. The optimization of these ATDs limits the ability of the ATD to predict occupant injury in an impact direction that significantly deviates from the design basis. With the introduction of herringbone configurations in transport category aircraft, there is a need to evaluate oblique angles, however, no ATD has been designed to evaluate these angles specifically. This report details simulations exploring occupant kinematics of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Hybrid III in oblique loading configurations. The Madymo multi-body FAA Hybrid III model was placed in a rigid seat, with and without an armrest, and restrained with and without a shoulder belt. The lap belt was a combination of body-centered and traditional lap belts. Simulations were run with loading vectors of 0°, 30°, 45°, and 60° at two pulse levels for a total of 32 runs. Data from similar tests in eight configurations were used to establish a baseline level of correlation for the virtual ATD (v-ATD). The simulations were then used to look for trends in the configurations. The model performed marginally in the configurations simulated for this project. The different distribution of loads between the lumbar and T12 locations suggests that the interaction of the lap belt on the pelvis may be inaccurate, something that was previously observed in early versions of the Madymo Hybrid II (since corrected). The trend analysis for the lap belt only configurations suggests that spinal Fz load decreases with impact angle, which, if reproducible, would assist in defining a critical installation angle for certification testing for the current injury criteria. The Madymo FAA Hybrid III v-ATD appears to require further evaluation, and possible changes, before it can be used to accurately predict occupant injury in oblique loading configurations.
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