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U.S. Department of Transportation, Climate Change Center Climate Strategies that Work: Zoning Reforms
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2025-01-01
[PDF-9.90 MB]
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Abstract:Since the 1950s, conventional land use codes, regulations, and have led to land-use patterns that have significantly increased transportation-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This has left many individuals entirely reliant on vehicles to make trips to and from home. Zoning codes often require strict separation of uses (e.g., residential and commercial districts) and single-family housing on lots of a required minimum size. This encourages sprawling development with longer distances between homes and destinations. These provisions have resulted in car dependent communities with limited consumer choice on transportation mode or residence type. In addition, high housing costs and limited supply in areas close to jobs and transit can lead to displacement, with people moving farther away to find affordable housing, leading to longer commutes and more trips made by car. Updating land use codes, regulations, and policies to increase housing supply and encourage compact, mixed-use, and mixed-income development with convenient access to active transportation and public transit can reverse this trend. Resulting communities would be more inclusive of diverse income levels, supported by convenient transportation options, and would increase location affordability.
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