Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety – Literature Review
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2025-01-01
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Abstract:Pedestrian and bicyclist fatalities in the United States constitute about 20% of traffic fatalities. Pedestrians and bicyclists are far more susceptible to risks in the built environment (i.e., all the physical items in the environment created by people – roads and roadway design, bridges, crosswalks, lighting, buildings, engineering treatments, etc.) than are motor vehicle occupants, and pedestrian fatalities have grown consistently over the past decade. While new data sources and analysis methods are available for measuring safety risks to pedestrians and bicyclists, research is still limited in many ways. This report collects academic and government research conducted primarily from 2013 to 2020 in the United States; seminal references and important research conducted during the course of completing this report are also cited as is relevant international research. To help readers understand pedestrian and bicyclist safety, the risks to safety, and the countermeasures that can be used to improve safety, this report synthesizes the body of literature on key topics such as crash patterns and trends, the role of human behavior on pedestrian and bicyclist safety, the role of the built environment on pedestrian and bicyclist safety, the role of the vehicle on pedestrian and bicyclist safety, emerging safety concerns, laws and policies, programs for behavior change, engineering countermeasures, technology-based interventions, safety data sources, and analysis methods.
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