United States Department of Transportation
i
A finite element formulation with combined loadings for shear dominant RC structures.
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2008-08-01
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Abstract:Inelastic failure of reinforced concrete (RC) structures under seismic loadings can be due either to loss of flexural, shear or bond
capacity. Specifically, the effect of combined loadings can lead to a complex failure mechanism that plays a vital role in concrete
mechanics. This report describes the formulation of an inelastic nonlinear beam element with axial, bending, and shear force
interaction. The element considers shear deformation and is based on the section discretization into fibers with hysteretic materia
models for the constituent materials. The steel material constitutive law follows the Menegotto-Pinto model. The concrete
material model uses an orthotropic constitutive relation in which the directions of orthotropy are the principal directions of total
strain. These directions will change during the loading history, in accordance with the well-known rotating crack model. The
concrete model accounts for the biaxial state of stress in the directions of orthotropy, in addition to degradation under reversed
cyclic loading. Shear deformations are coupled with bending effects. Transverse strains are internal variables determined by
imposing equilibrium at each fiber between the concrete and the vertical steel stirrups. Element forces are obtained by performing
equilibrium based numerical integration on section axial, flexural, and shear behavior along the length of the element. In order to
establish the validity of the proposed model correlation studies were conducted between analytical results and experimental tests
of columns tested under cyclic loading. A structural analysis of a shear sensitive bridge pier subjected to ground input motion is also presented.
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